幼儿教师对幼儿欺负行为的认识

  欺负是一种经常发生的特殊的攻击性行为。在欺负行为发生时，教师能否正确判断幼儿欺负行为，对教师能否做出正确的干预，有着十分重要的影响。本研究采用问卷法、访谈法等方法随机对杭州市的幼儿教师进行问卷调查和访谈，结果表明：（1）幼儿教师较认同将身体欺负和言语欺负界定为欺负行为。（2）幼儿教师对力量的不平衡性认同率最高。（3）幼儿教师认为直接身体欺负最严重，间接欺负居第二，直接言语欺负严重程度最低。（4）幼儿教师认为卷入欺负行为的幼儿存在男女差异，欺负者中男孩比例大大高于女孩；受欺负者中男孩比例也高于女孩，但比例差异较小。（5）幼儿教师认为，欺负者具有以下特征：脾气暴躁、家庭中不一致的管教；受欺负者具有以下特征：不自信或被动、身体弱小。

Abstract
Bullying is a special aggressive behavior which frightens or persecutes a weaker person in a regular base. When bully happens among preschool children, whether teachers could intervene in a right way is largely depends on their fair judgments on the bullying behavior. This study applied methodologies such as questionnaires and interviews to a random sample picking from kindergarten teachers in Hangzhou. The investigations implied: (1) Kindergarten teachers to a large extent acknowledge regarding physical bullying together with verbal bullying as a general bullying behavior. (2) The peak recognition rate deriving from kindergarten teacher sample appears in the argument which states the imbalance of power. (3) Kindergarten teachers regard the direct physical bullying as the most serious case, whereas the indirect bullying locates in the second place, and the direct verbal bullying the least serious one. (4) Kindergarten teachers recognize a gender differences in children involved in bullies. Boys occupy a large proportion in the bully parties and the percentage is much higher than girls’; whereas in the victim side, boys’ percentage is still larger than the girls’ but no big differences exist. (5) Kindergarten teachers identified several characteristics for both bully and victim parties after investigation. The bullies usually don’t receive a consolidated family education and are regards ill-tempered. The victims, on the other hand, are normally unconfident, mentally passive and weak body.

关键词：幼儿教师； 幼儿； 欺负； 认识

Keyword: kindergarten teacher； preschool children； bullying； perception

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