论王尔德《快乐王子及其他故事》中死亡主题

作为唯美主义和颓废运动的代表人物，奥斯卡·王尔德不仅写诗歌、小说和戏剧，其童话创作也为他赢得斐然声誉。他一生共创作两部童话集，分别是《快乐王子和其他故事》和《石榴之家》。
死亡是人类一个永远的痛，成为人类的集体无意识。死亡作为人类永恒的终极悲剧，人类对它的思考和关注从未停过。对于许多学者来说，王尔德作品中的死亡主题已成为他们一个重要的研究向度。
除引言和结论外，本文包括三章。第一章，在介绍完叔本华关于道德的定义和弗洛姆对于爱的观点后，笔者将分析童话主人公身上所体现的利他主义和同情心。第二章主要通过与其他文学类型关于死亡描写的比较，探讨王尔德对死亡的淡化描写以及基于儿童心理学层面上这种淡化描写的必要性。第三章阐述死亡结局的意义，包括社会批判、人物形象升华、儿童人格完善等。通过分析其童话中的死亡主题，本论文展示了王尔德童话作品的思想性和艺术性。
关键词：死亡；爱；道德；淡化描写
ABSTRACT

As a representative of Aestheticism and a pioneer of Decadency, Oscar Wilde has made great achievements in poetry, novel and drama, and was also famous for fairy tales creation. Through his life, he created two fairy tales: The Happy Prince and Other Stories and A Home of Pomegranates.
Death is a permanent pain for human beings and our collective unconsciousness. As an everlasting tragedy, death has aroused people’s uncountable reflections. To many scholars, death theme in Wilde’s works has always been one of their research focuses.
Besides Introduction and Conclusion, the thesis consists of three chapters. In the first chapter, after discussing Schopenhauer’s definition to morality and Fromm’s argument about love, the paper analyses the benevolence of the characters’ altruism and sympathy. In the second chapter, comparing with other types of literature, the author discusses Wilde’s weakening description of death and the necessity of the weakening description in light of children’ s psychology. The third chapter is about the significance of the death ending, including criticism to society, sublimation of characters and benefits to children’s personality development, etc. By analyzing the death theme in his fairy tales, the thesis demonstrates that Wilde’s works are thoughtful and artistic.

Key words: death theme; love; morality; weakening description

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