《德伯家的苔丝》中所体现的叔本华悲观主义哲学
关于《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的悲剧问题，很多观点喧嚣尘上。小说的作者哈代深受德国悲观主义哲学家叔本华的影响，所以在哈代在其自身作品的创作中，他偏爱宣扬悲观主义这一论调。这篇文章将会深入的探讨叔本华的悲观主义哲学在哈代这部《德伯家的苔丝》作品中的人物，情节，背景的具体表现。通过这些视角的分析，我从而得出这样的一个结论：在悲观主义的观点之下，人生的本质就是痛苦，因为我们的人生受制于意志。这部小说从多个方面展现了这种痛苦的人生，苔丝她本身就是这种人生苦难的化身。
关键词：苔丝，悲剧，叔本华，悲观主义，否定生命意志
The Pessimism of Arthur Schopenhauer Reflected in Tess of the D’Urbervilles
Abstract
Tess of the D’Urbervilles is so famous that there are many different thoughts with regard to Tess’s tragedy. As the writer of the novel, it is evident that Thomas Hardy is influenced by the Pessimism of Arthur Schopenhauer. Consequently, the tone of Pessimism is obviously favored by him in the creation of novels. This article will profoundly discuss the the Pessimism which reflected in the characterization, plot as well as the background of the novel. With the analysis of the above aspects, I can draw a conclusion: in the view of Pessimism, the essence of life is misery for it is subjects to the Will. Tess is just the embodiment of that misery which is reflected in several perspectives of the novel.
Key words: Tess, Tragedy, Schopenhauer, Pessimism, Negation of Personal Will
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