从精神分析的角度解析《道林·格雷的画像》

《道林·格雷的画像》是王尔德唯一的一篇长篇小说，它讲述了一个年轻的美少年为了永葆青春和美貌不惜出卖自己灵魂而最终走向自我灭亡的故事。这篇论文将从弗洛伊德精神分析理论出发，分别探索小说中三位主人公的人格特点。亨利勋爵、巴兹尔和道林分别对应着弗洛伊德人格理论中本我、超我和自我。他们之间相互影响，既满足又反抗。通过各自性格缺点的分析，展示了自我是如何一步一步向本我屈服的。本我遵循享乐原则，诱导自我满足本能的欲望。超我试图用道德准则影响自我，但却失败。超我的软弱导致了自身的悲惨结局。自我在本我与超我的双重影响下备受折磨，最终自我向本我屈服，走向了自我毁灭的深渊。本我力量强大，对自我的影响具有毁灭性。自我向本我屈服的悲剧结局告诫我们要平衡不同方面的影响，坚持自我，不能成为本我的奴隶。

关键词：  《道林·格雷的画像》；精神分析；本我；自我；超我；屈服
The Ego’s Surrender to the Id
---A Psychoanalysis of The Picture of Dorian Gray
Abstract
The Picture of Dorian Gray is Wilde’s one and only novel which tells a story about a handsome young man who prefers to sell out his own soul in order to keep his youth and beauty for good. This thesis will respectively analyze the three main characters’ personalities in the book on the basis of Freud’s theory of psychoanalysis. Lord Henry, Basil and Dorian are correspondingly the Id, the Super-ego and the Ego in Freud’s theory of personality. They interact with each other, both satisfying and rebelling. By analyzing each of their weaknesses in personality, the paper explains how the ego surrenders to the id step by step. The id follows the principle of pleasure, inducing the ego to fulfill his instinct needs and desires. The super-ego tries to influence the ego with his moral standards but fails. His weakness results in his own miserable end. The ego is profoundly tortured by the influences both from the id and the super-ego. Finally, the ego surrenders to the id and chooses the way of self-destruction. The id is powerful and his influence on the ego is quite destructive. The ego’s surrender to the id and his tragical end warns us to balance both good and bad influences from the id and the super-ego. The ego should stick to himself and never be the slave of the id.
Key words:  The Picture of Dorian Gray; psychoanalysis; the Id; the Ego; the Super-ego; surrender

*若需了解更多与协助请咨询↓→[电脑QQ][手机QQ]【数据协助】