马克·吐温小说中幽默的不可译性及补偿策略
翻译是一项典型的跨文化交际活动。语言来源于文化，文化的差异反过来会反应在语言上。文化差异导致了沟通的障碍并带来了不可译性问题。
幽默是一种世界性的艺术。但是来自不同国家的人对于幽默有着其各自不同的理解方式。从一定程度来说，文化的差异导致了幽默的相对不可译性。对于目标语言的读者而言，翻译出的幽默往往失去了其预期的幽默效果。
马克·吐温是十九世纪美国著名批判现实主义作家。他的小说以将幽默与讽刺结合而著称，充分地揭露了他对美国社会种种黑暗现实的批判。他的幽默不仅是为了取得幽默滑稽的效果，更有其严肃而深刻的社会内涵。所以当目标语读者在阅读他的小说时，小说中幽默的翻译质量会影响到读者对于小说的深层目的及内涵的理解。因此，由于幽默是不可译的一个典型例子，译者为很好地翻译幽默必须要掌握扎实的语言功底和充足的有关文化背景的知识。本文探讨了不可译性的两种类型，即文化不可译性和语言不可译性，并以马克·吐温小说中的幽默的翻译为例分析文学作品中幽默的不可译性及补偿策略。
关键字：幽默，不可译性，马克·吐温小说，补偿策略
On Untranslatability of Humor in Mark Twain’s Novels and its Compensating Strategy
Abstract
Translation is a typical activity of cross-cultural communication. Language stems from culture，while cultural differences could be reflected by language. And cultural differences lead to communicative barriers and bring untranslatability.
Humor is a universal art. But people from different countries have their own thoughts of humor. To some degree, humor is a kind of relativistic untranslatability caused by cultural differences. When translated, humor usually loses its prospective humorous effect for readers of the target language.
Mark Twain was a well-known 19th-century American author and a reputed critical realist. His novels are excellent for combining humor with irony, which reveal his criticism of kinds of miserable reality in American society. His humor is not just for humorous effect, but has serious and profound social connotations. So when readers of the target language are reading his novels, their understanding of the deep purpose and connotations would be influenced by the quality of translation of those humors. Therefore, translators must own language competence and sufficient knowledge about the cultural background, for humor is a typical example of untranslatability. This paper makes an analysis of the two types of untranslatability: the cultural untranslatability and the linguistic untranslatability and takes translation of humor in Mark Twain’s novels as examples to analyze the untranslatability of humor in literature and gives suggestions of compensating strategy.
Key Words: humor, untranslatability, Mark Twain’s novels, compensating strategy
*若需了解更多与协助请咨询↓→[电脑QQ][手机QQ]【数据协助】
