“绝望的勇气”——海明威《老人与海》意象分析

《老人与海》作为海明威的代表作帮助他赢得了1953年的普利册奖及1954年的诺贝尔文学奖。小说讲述了一个古巴老渔夫不屈于自然的故事。海明威曾说：“我努力以最准确最直接的方式把捕鱼的经历展现给读者，并使之成为读者自身经历的一部分。”
文中的主人公—圣提亚哥是典型的“海明威”式硬汉。他拥有超凡的勇气使之表现的“像一个真正的人”，面对危险能保持自身的尊严。因此长久以来，很多学者对圣提亚哥这一形象充满浓厚的兴趣，对其进行经久不息的研究。有些人甚至认为关于老渔夫捕鱼过程的描写正是海明威写作生涯的写照。《老人与海》这部中篇小说集中体现了海明威的超凡写作技巧。作者用简单的词句勾勒出“一个真正的老人，一个真正的男孩，一个真正的大海，一条真正的马林鱼和许多真正的鲨鱼”.
因此，自这部中篇小说1952年发表以来，已被译成几十种文字，被广大读者所喜爱。文章的独特写作风格和技巧值得我们研究。
在本文中，通过分析主人公圣提亚哥的性格特征能使我们更好的理解作者海明威自身的思想、价值观及世界观。
本文由导论、正文及结论三部分组成。
导论部分主要介绍了《老人与海》这部作品的主要内容及该部作品所取得的荣誉。
正文部分包括三章：
  第一章从圣提亚哥语言和行动的角度分析他的任务性格。通过分析圣提亚哥与大马林鱼之间的艰苦战斗过程总结他的“绝望的勇气”的内涵以及分析作者如何塑造这一形象的。
  第二章主要分析了小说中的两个主要意象：男孩曼诺林和老人梦中的狮子。男孩曼诺林代表过去强壮有力的老渔夫，同时也是将来猎取更大目标的老人。而梦中的狮子则是老人的人生目标，无疑也是他的精神动力。
  第三章则主要侧重分析了大海这一重要意象。大海既是老人的对立面又是故事发生的背景环境。分析大海能更好的理解文章的实质。
  结论部分揭示了《老人与海》的主题。海明威认为人应该在重压之下保持自己的尊严，以充足的勇气面对困境。至此可以分析作品是如何反映作者的思想及价值观。

关键词：绝望的勇气 硬汉 不屈 无所畏惧
Abstract
As the most famous novel of Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea helped him won the Pulitzer Prize in 1953 and Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. It is a story of a Cuban fisherman who refuses to be defeated by nature. Hemingway said, “I was trying to show the experience of the fisherman so exactly and directly that it became part of the readers.” The hero--Santiago is a typical man of Hemingway’s heroes. He has the courage that enables a man to behave like a man, to assert his dignity in face of adversity. So for a long time, many scholars have great interest in Santiago. Some one even argues that the old man’s fishing progress is a portrayal to Hemingway’s writing career. This novel reflects the author’s excellent writing techniques. The author described “a real old man, a real boy, a real great sea, a real marlin and many real sharks” by simple words and short sentences.
In this thesis by analyzing Santiago and the whole novel, we can understand Hemingway’s writing style, his thoughts, values and world outlook.
The thesis consists of the introduction, the main body and the conclusion.
The introduction part introduces the main idea of The Old Man and the Sea as well as the prizes that the novel has achieved.
The main body contains three chapters:
The first chapter analyses Santiago’s character from his language and deeds. By analyzing the progress of struggle with the giant marlin, we can sum up what is the “despairing courage” and how did Ernest Hemingway portray this hero.
The second chapter mainly deals with two imagery of the novel: the boy—Manolion and the lion in the old fisherman’s dream. The boy is both like the strong man the fisherman used to be, and the one who will catch more fish in the future. The lion in the dream is just as his aim in life, and also the motive power of his strength.
In the third chapter, we will do some analysis of the great sea. The great sea is the old fisherman’s opposition as well as the story’s background. By analyzing it we will know the essential of the novel.
The conclusion part shows the theme of The Old Man and the Sea. In the view of Ernest Hemingway, a man should assert grace under pressure and face despairing situation with full of courage. And we will argue how the novel reflects Hemingway’s thoughts and values.

Key Words: despairing courage iron man unyielding dauntless

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