简·奥斯汀《爱玛》中的爱情与婚姻

    Jane Austen is one of the writers whose works must be read by students in England. Emma is a famous novel in the world. It was created in 1815 and published at the same year. Jane Austen had described love and marriage of middle class in England in 18th century. In England at that time, women had low social position, and the only way to improve the status and gain recognition from others was to marry a man with high social status and great wealth 
This thesis consists of an introduction, the main body and a conclusion. Its main contents are as follows: The first part is the introduction. Emma is the fifth novel of Jane Austen and is considered as her most mature novel on thoughts. People had done lots of research on people’s views of marriage since it came out in 1815. This thesis will make a further discussion on the view of love and marriage in Emma. The second chapter is an analysis of the protagonist’s family background and her characteristics. The author has made an imperfect protagonist in the novel. The third chapter is an introduction of several marriages. Different people marry for different reason. The forth chapter is a further analysis of Jane Austen’s view on love and marriage, the reason that leads to the view and its influence today. Marriage based on mutual love leads to happiness. Jane Austen’s view was a certain product of social environment. Women had low social position, so they tried every means to marry a man with high status and wealth to change their destiny. In the ending part, the thesis makes a further conclusion of Jane Austen’s attitude and tell us that only when we make a right attitude towards love and marriage can we live happily.
Love and marriage are the permanent topics in the human history. In Emma, Jane Austen had described several different marriages and tried to clarify two elements of marriage: love and wealth.  Money may be the basic element in marriage, which is very important in marriage. However, love is decidable.

Key words：love；marriage；wealth；social status
摘  要
    简奥斯汀是英国学生的必读作家之一。《爱玛》是一部享誉世界的小说。它创作于1815年，并于同年出版。简奥斯汀在《爱玛》中生动形象的展示了十八世纪英国中产阶级的恋爱与婚姻。在当时的英国，女性的社会地位比较低，而她们提高社会地位和获得他人认可的唯一方法就是嫁给一个有身份有地位的男人。
爱情与婚姻是人类历史中永恒的话题。在小说《爱玛》中，简奥斯汀描写了几桩不同的婚姻，并通过其阐述了婚姻的两个要素：爱情与金钱。金钱是婚姻的基础，在婚姻中十分重要，但是爱情才是幸福婚姻的保障。
本文由导论，正文和结论组成。它的主要结构如下：
第一部分为导论，《爱玛》是简奥斯汀的第五部作品，被认为是简奥斯汀在思想上最为成熟的一部作品。自其1815出版以来，人们针对小说中的婚恋观作出了许多研究，但仍有不足之处。本文将进一步探讨《爱玛》中的婚恋观念。
第二部分是论文的正文部分，该部分共由四章组成。第一章简单介绍了作者所处的时代背景以及其独特的写作风格。由于受生活范围所限制，简奥斯汀在作品中多描写乡绅生活以及妇女的婚姻。第二章分析了小说主人公爱玛的家庭背景和人物性格。作者在小说中塑造了一个不完美的主人公爱玛。第三章介绍了小说中提到的几桩婚姻。不同的人因为不同的原因而结婚。第四章进一步分析了简奥斯汀的婚恋观念，观念形成的原因以及小说中的婚恋观对当今社会的影响。因爱而结合的婚姻才会幸福。简奥斯汀婚姻观是当时社会环境必然产物。妇女社会地位低下，才会想方设法嫁给有财富有地位的人来改变自己的命运。
在结尾部分，论文进一步总结了作者简奥斯汀的中心思想，并启示我们要树立正确的婚恋观，才能幸福生活。

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