马克吐温与美国现实主义传统

现实主义是对浪漫主义的否定，并为现代主义做了铺垫。它直接关注日常生活的特点，写生活的残忍和不幸，坦率地描述下层人民的艰苦生活。虽然美国现实主义晚于欧洲现实主义，但在世界文学中占据了重要地位。美国现实主义具有自己独特的发展轨迹和特点。马克·吐温是美国一位著名的文学巨匠。他的代表作《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》被誉为西方文学最伟大著作之一。
马克·吐温丰富的生活经历，尤其是在密西西比河当舵手的经历，让他深刻地了解了人性，并选择以现实主义手法进行创作。他大量地运用地方文化的方言、传说、民谣和民俗，展现美国生活的地域特点和风貌。《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》被认为是战后最典型的美国小说，因为它生动地展现了密西西比河流域的风土人情和习俗方言，成为“地方色彩”文学的代表。
本文通过分析和评价马克·吐温的地域文学创作，特别是《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》中的现实主义元素，探讨了马克·吐温和美国现实主义文学传统的渊源，肯定和评价了他对美国现实主义小说创作的卓越贡献。

关键词：美国现实主义；《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》；马克·吐温
ABSTRACT

Realism is a denial against Romanticism and paves the way for Modernism. It attaches more importance to the features of everyday existence, to what is brutal or unfortunate, and to the open portrayal of the hard life of lower strata. American Realism appears after European Realism, but it shares a great status in the world’s literature trend and has unique features. Mark Twain is a famous American literary giant. His masterpiece The Adventures of Huckbleberry Finn has always been regarded as one of the greatest books of western literature.
Mark Twain’s rich experience, especially as a steamboat pilot, gives him wide knowledge of humanity, which enables him to start his literary career in a realistic way. He extensively uses dialects, legends, ballads and folk lore of local cultures to show the geographical features and vigor of American life. The Adventures of Huckbleberry Finn is considered to be the most typical post-war novel, because it vividly demonstrates the custom and dialects of the Mississippi River and becomes the representative of the “local color” literature.
This paper analyzes and evaluates Mark Twain’s “local color” literature, especially the realistic elements in his masterpiece The Adventures of Huckbleberry Finn, explores the connection between Twain and the tradition of American Realism, recognizes and appraises his outstanding contribution to the American realistic fictions.

Key words: American Realism  The Adventures of Huckbleberry Finn  Mark Twain

*若需了解更多与协助请咨询↓→[电脑QQ][手机QQ]【数据协助】