《追风筝的人》中的人物关系比较

   《追风筝的人》是阿富汗裔美籍作家卡勒德·胡塞尼的第一部小说。自2003年第一次出版后，该书收到广泛的关注和好评，并被翻译成40多种文字，销量超过一千万本。此外，该书还成为2006年的法国读书会首选书及美国图书协会推荐书目。
    小说以第一人称讲述了一个身在美国的阿富汗移民的童年往事和他成人后对儿时所犯下的过错进行救赎的心路历程。目前，对这部作品的学术研究主要集中在以下几个方面：风筝的意象、哈桑的形象、种族歧视和宗教纷争、救赎和人性的回归等。从表面上看，小说涉及了很多方面，但从始至终，个人成长这条线索贯穿全书——一个男孩克服了人性的黑暗面最终成长为了一个正直、勇敢、成熟的人。此论文通过几组对比来反映两代人之间的差别，种族冲突，精神的救赎等。本论文由五部分组成：首先对爸爸与阿里和阿米尔与哈桑两组关系进行了对比；其次阐述了普什图族和哈扎拉族的种族关系，此对比展现了全书中渗透的种族冲突；风筝这个意象恰好是情系全文的重要链条；最后通过对童年时期的阿米尔和成年时期的阿米尔的对比反应了阿米尔的成长与救赎。

关键词：关系；对比；救赎

ABSTRACT

    The Kite Runner is the first novel of Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini. Since its first publication in June 2003, it has been sold over ten million copies and translated into forty-eight languages. The novel has been the best choice for French Book Club and the recommended book of American Library Association in 2006, the author, Khaled Hosseini, due to this novel, receives favorable comments and widespread attention as well.
The Kite Runner is the tale of the experience of an Afghan-American immigrant’s friendship, betrayal and redemption in the first-person perspective. So far, the research articles about it mainly focus on the following perspectives: kite images, the portrait of Hassan, religious disputes, racial discrimination, redemption and the return of human nature. Although this novel seems to involve a variety of topics, one theme running through the book is personal growth—a boy overcomes his darkness of human nature, and finally grows into a virtuous, righteous, courageous and mature person. This thesis mainly deals with several pairs of comparisons which reflect the generation gap, racial conflicts, and spiritual redemption, etc. The paper consists of five parts. The first part demonstrates the comparison of the relationship between Baba and Ali and that of Amir and Hassan. Then come the comparisons between the Pashtun and the Hazara, which shows the racial conflict reflected in the book. The kite image is the very thing that connects the whole story. The last part makes a comparison between the childhood Amir and the Adulthood Amir, which also demonstrates Amir’s spiritual growth and redemption.

Key words: relationship  comparison  redemption

“Afghanistan is a multiracial country: Pashtun(38%), Tajik(25%), Hazara(19%), and Uzbec(6%).” [1] Pashtuns regard themselves as the true Afghans and are governed by an honor code of proper behavior known as Pashtunwali. The Hazaras, one of many minority ethnic groups who populate Afghanistan, look like Mongolian or somewhat Chinese. In Afghanistan, Hazaras live in a low social class, and often despised by Pashtuns due to the racial discrimination. In the history of Afghanistan, the Hazaras launched three uprisings altogether. Since the 18th century, Hazaras have faced persecutions from the Pashtuns and flee to Hazarajat. The first uprising took place during 1888¬-1890. The Hazara people were severely oppressed. The second uprising occurred in 1890. Due to the interference of the British forces, the Hazara people were severely massacred. The third uprising took place in 1893. Although the Hazaras managed to win most of the Hazarajat back, they were defeated eventually due to a shortage of food. In this novel, Hassan, the servant of Amir, is a Hazara, which is the main reason why there is an invisible barrier between Amir and Hassan. As the title of the book implies, the kite functions as something which connects all the characters in the work.
The Kite Runner reveals the rich culture and the beauty of a land in the process of being destroyed. Giving cruel and bloody description of the war and the sufferings of those people under the Taliban ruling, Khaled Hosseini presents the readers the social crises which reveal man’s true human nature. But as the story proceeds, the writer also presents the readers a positive side of the human nature, which enlightens the contemporaries on the other hand. This paper reveals that the way towards redemption shall be commenced by the person himself or herself.

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