从家庭系统理论角度探究《推销员之死》中的家庭问题作为现代剧院最伟大的戏剧之一，《推销员之死》被认为是米勒最为成熟的作品。自问世以来，评论家就从不同的角度对其进行了评论。同米勒的许多其他作品一样，观众在这部剧中可以感受到他对于特定社会背景下家庭关系的关注。本文作者尝试从家庭系统理论角度探索《推销员之死》中的家庭问题。这个理论将家庭视为一个整体，用系统思维来看待复杂的家庭互动过程，通过探讨家庭中存在的问题来寻找解决途径。本文通过对威利的原生家庭和现在家庭的深入分析，发现在威利的原生家庭中，父亲角色的缺失不仅损害了夫妻关系，更对孩子的成长产生了消极影响。这也是威利自我价值低的主要原因。这种影响甚至延伸到了威利自己的婚姻生活。在威利现在的家庭中，家庭成员间的信任危机，某些成员被边缘化的危机以及不良家庭教育方式造成的年轻人的不良行为，都导致了威利一家人的事业和生活的失败。借助对于这个普通家庭的问题的研究，本文倡导每个人都付出努力建设和谐健康的家庭系统。
关键词：《推销员之死》；家庭问题; 家庭系统理论; 子系统
A Study of Family Problems in Death of a Salesman from the Perspective of Family Systems Theory
Abstract
As one of the greatest plays of modern theater, Death of a Salesman is considered as the most mature one of Miller. Since its appearance, critics comment on the play from many different perspectives. Like many of Miller’s other plays, the audience could sense his concern of familial relations in a certain social context in this play. This paper will analyze Willy’s family problems from the perspective of family systems theory. This theory views a family as a whole and uses systems thinking to describe the complex interactions in the family, and puts forward corresponding family therapy by studying the problems in family. By intense research of Willy’s family of origin and his current family, the author of this paper draws the following conclusions. In his family of origin, the absence of father figure damages the couple’s relationship in this family and also generates negative effects on children’s growth, which is the main cause for Willy’s low self-value. These impacts even extend into Willy’s latter marriage life. Second, in his current family, the crisis of confidence between family members, the marginalization of some members in this family, and bad behaviors that the young men in this family shape due to bad family education, all of which result in their failures in career and life. By means of analyzing problems in this ordinary family, the writer of this paper advocates everyone’s effort on building harmonious and healthy family system.
Key words: Death of a Salesman; family problems; family systems theory; subsystems
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