论《多比吉尔的众多恋人》的幽默讽刺艺术

马克斯•舒尔曼是美国20世纪著名的作家、幽默大师、剧作家。他的作品语言诙谐而有生活气息、情节生动、主题深刻，很多被改编为电影和情景喜剧，在美国家喻户晓。本文以他的幽默小说《多比吉尔的众多恋人》为案例，采用理论阐释与语料分析结合的研究方法，从修辞手法的角度对作品的幽默讽刺艺术手法进行文学赏析，以加深对该作品主题的理解和对美国社会的认识。
本文由导论、正文和结论三部分组成。主要内容如下：
导论部分简要介绍了马克斯•舒尔曼的生平、主要作品以及其作品在中国的研究现状和以《多比吉尔的众多恋人》为研究案例进行幽默讽刺艺术手法分析的意义和价值。
正文由三部分组成：
第一部分是文献回顾，主要阐述了三个方面的内容：幽默的界定和分类；讽刺的定义和分类；幽默讽刺手法在作品《多比吉尔的众多恋人》中的应用。
第二部分从反讽修辞手法的角度赏析作品的幽默讽刺艺术。此章分为三个小节：第一节从言语反讽的角度，结合作品中的具体例子对人物语言的幽默反讽特色进行分析。第二节从情景反讽的角度剖析文章跌宕起伏的幽默情节，赏析作者独特的写作技巧和文章的幽默讽刺意味。第三节从戏剧反讽的角度阐述了作品的幽默讽刺效果。
第三部分从夸张，类比，和比喻等修辞手法的角度赏析作品的幽默讽刺艺术。此章节分为三个小节：第一节从夸张修辞的角度对作品中漫画式的幽默讽刺手法进行分析。夸张的手法是通过把事件或人物的虚假、丑陋和愚蠢的一面加以放大或缩小，使之变相，以突出这一侧面的特征，达到幽默讽刺的目的。第二节从类比修辞角度出发分析文中形成鲜明对比的例子，从而体会到作者借用幽默手段来讽刺主人公错误价值观的创作意图。第三节从借代修辞手法的角度分析作品的幽默讽刺艺术。
结论部分主要对前文论述进行总结并点明本文主旨。本文通过分析小说的幽默讽刺体裁，发现反讽和其他一些修辞手法在创造讽刺幽默效果时的重要贡献；更重要的是通过分析马克斯舒尔曼的作品体会其独特的幽默讽刺意味，帮助我们深化对美国20世纪50年代青年人的认识。

关键词：幽默；讽刺；修辞手法                                                                
Abstract
Max Shulman is a famous American writer and humorist of the 20th century whose works are humorous and lively, with vivid plots and profound themes. Many of his works have been adapted into movies and sitcoms, which are well known in the United States. This thesis reviews the previous research of his works in China, and it is not difficult to find that researches on his works are mainly focused on the most famous story “Love Is a Fallacy” which is selected from The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis, so these studies led to the lopsided situation. From the perspective of text analysis, this paper selects several works from The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis to make a detailed analysis of these rhetorical devices in this volume and discusses the humorous and satirical writing style of the book. As the most effective source for understanding a society, satire plays an important role in the process of deepening cultural exchanges. Adopting the combination of theoretical explanation and corpus analysis as research methods, this paper mainly analyzes the humorous and satirical artistic devices of the work on the humorous volume of the 1950s in the United States, hoping to deepen the reader’s understanding of the theme and the American society.
This thesis consists of an introduction, the main body and a conclusion. Its main contents are as follows:
The introduction makes a brief account of Max Shulman’s life, main works, and the previous researches of his works. Then it points out the great significance of the analysis which is focused on the humorous and satirical effect of this book.
The main body is made up of three parts:
Part One gives a literature review of the concept and classification of humor and satire and then states the feature of humorous and satirical in these works.
Part Two mainly analyzes how the rhetorical device irony in this volume creates humorous and satirical feature of the work. This chapter is divided into three sections. The first section mainly analyzes how the verbal irony the character used in these stories shows the satirical theme of the volume from the perspective of verbal level. Taking the ups and downs in humorous plots of the article as examples, the second section further analyzes the author’s unique writing skills to show the humorous and satirical meaning from the irony structure of the story. The third section mainly analyzes how the author shows readers the humorous and satirical effect by using dramatic irony from the perspective of this work’s framework.
Part Three focuses on the use of hyperbole, contrast and simile in these stories, which is composed of three parts. First of all, there is an in-depth study of how the rhetorical device hyperbole used in this book shows readers the comic humor and satire. By magnifying or reducing the ugly and stupid side of an event or a character, hyperbole makes the event or character disguised to highlight the special feather and to mock and satirize the event or character. The second part is an analysis of the use of contrast. Adopting the contrasting examples in these stories, this analysis on contrast attempts to realize the author’s intention to satirize the protagonist’s wrong values by means of humor. The third part mainly discusses how the use of simile displays the feature of humor and satire.
The conclusion makes a summary of the previous discussion, and points out the main purpose of this thesis. Through analyzing the humorous and satirical genre of these works, this paper concludes that rhetorical devices contribute to the creating satirical and humorous effects. And more importantly, the analysis in this paper deepens our understanding of the American youth in the 1950s.
 

Key Words: humor; satire; rhetorical device

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