《红字》中的复杂人性Human nature has always been a controversial issue during the long history. Good or evil? That is a question. In the novel The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, this feature of human nature was narrated in detail. Hawthorne is a writer full of contradictions in his thoughts. In his works, he is usually adept in using symbols and revealing the inner conflicts and psychological activities of characters. The Scarlet Letter is his masterpiece which has become the worldwide classic. It is not only considered to be the representative of Romanticism, but known as the beginning of psychoanalytic novel in the United States. This novel uses adultery as the main clue, and moral as a way to achieve redemption by characters. By making a vivid description of the characters’ inner activities, Hawthorne makes his view on human nature clear. This thesis is composed of four parts. The first part is to introduce some typical and representative theories about human nature that already exist; the second part is to explain the reason why Hawthorne possessed this idea; the third part is to make a specific analysis of the main characters of the novel; the fourth part is to compare Hawthorne with other writers in the same age. Key words: The Scarlet Letter; human nature; Puritanism; Transcendentalism 摘 要 在人类的历史长河中，人性这个话题一直备受争议。人性本善或恶？这很难说。这一点在纳撒尼尔•霍桑的《红字》中得到了充分体现。 霍桑是一个思想上充满矛盾的作家。在他的作品中，他擅长运用象征手法，揭示人物的内心冲突和心理活动。《红字》是他的杰作，也是世界的经典。它不仅是浪漫主义小说的代表， 同时也是美国心理分析小说的开端之作。小说以通奸为主线，以道德为手段实现人物救赎。通过对人物内心活动的生动描写，我们可以对霍桑是如何看待人性有一个清楚的认知。 本文分为四个部分。第一部分是介绍现有的一些经典的，比较有代表性的人性理论；第二部分是解释霍桑思想受到哪些因素的影响；第三部分是对小说主要人物的具体分析；第四部分是霍桑和同时代其他作家的对比。 关键词：《红字》；人性；清教主义；超验主义 CONTENTS Abstract………………………………………………………….…ii 摘 要……………..….….……….………………………………iii Introduction…………………………………………………………1 Chapter One The Studies of Human Nature…………....…………3 Chapter Two Theoretical Basis of Hawthorne’s Idea......……….5 2.1 Hawthorne and Puritanism………….………………………5 2.2 Hawthorne and Transcendentalism…………………………7 Chapter Three Characters’ Complex Nature………………….….9 3.1 Hester Prynne…...………………………...….…………….….9 3.2 Roger Chillingworth……………….………………………….10 3.3 Arthur Dimmesdale…………………………...………………11 Chapter Four Comparison with Other Writers……………13 Conclusion…………...……………………………….……………14 Works Cited…………………………………………………...…15
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