养老机构对流行病风险的应急管理 ——以本次的新冠病毒疫情为例

随着世界人口老龄化程度的逐渐加深，养老服务业不断发展，养老机构在民生领域发挥着日益重要的作用。本文通过大量的实时报道和文献查阅，以本次新型冠状病毒的感染情况、各国防控手段以及各国养老院防疫现状等，对目前各国养老机构尤其是养老院所面临的因为疫情带来的困境和深层原因展开分析，发现养老机构在应对突发公共卫生事件中存在的应急管理实施过程中出现的问题，包括：政府的监管失位，医护人员、医疗资源紧张，老年人心理健康等，同时对导致这些问题的主要原因进行了探讨。基于此，本文提出了一些改善应急管理实施的措施，如建立健全应急管理体系和风险防控机制，推进养老服务市场化，重视人才培养，强调各国各界的社会责任意识，加强对老年人的心理管理。
关键词：养老机构；流行病；风险防控；应急管理
 
 

The Emergency Management of Pandemic Epidemics Risk in Elderly Care Institutions
——Take This New Coronavirus Epidemic as an Example
ABSTRACT
With the gradual deepening of the aging of the world's population and the continuous development of the elderly care service industry, elderly care institutions are playing an increasingly important role in the field of people's livelihood. Through a large number of real-time reports and literature review, this article uses the current situation of the new coronavirus infection, the prevention and control measures of various countries, and the status quo of epidemic prevention in nursing homes in various countries, etc., to the current difficulties and deep-seated problems faced by nursing institutions in various countries, especially nursing homes. Analyzing the reasons, it was found that the problems in the implementation of emergency management in response to public health emergencies in elderly care institutions, including: government supervision and management, medical staff, medical resources, the mental health of the elderly, at the same time the main reasons for these problems are discussed. Based on this, this article proposes some measures to improve the implementation of emergency management, such as establishing a sound emergency management system and risk prevention and control mechanism, promoting the marketization of elderly care services, attaching importance to personnel training, emphasizing the social responsibility awareness of all countries and all walks of life, and strengthening the mentality of the elderly.

Key words: Elderly care institutions; Epidemics; Risk prevention and control; Emergency management
 
目  录
一、研究背景 4
（一）全球疫情 4
（二）应急管理研究 4
（三）相关概念 4
二、养老机构面对疫情的现状及问题 5
（一）国内外现状 5
（二）存在的问题 6
1.缺乏完善应急预案，管理混乱 6
2.缺乏护理人才 6
3.医疗资源供给不足 7
4.老年人心理负担大 7
三、导致应急管理实施中存在问题的原因 7
（一）政府缺乏完善应急管理体系，监管缺位 8
（二）忽视专业人员培养 8
（三）对资源配置及储备缺乏重视 8
（四）社会对老年人群体担责意识弱 9
四、对改善应急管理的建议 9
（一）建立高灵敏应急管理体系，健全风险防控机制 9
（二）推进养老服务市场化，加强储备平衡供需 10
（三）加强人才队伍建设，推动养老服务专业化 10
（四）政府制定相关政策助力养老机构 10
（五）加强社会责任意识及对老年人的心理管理 11
五、结语 11
参考文献 13

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