彼得·汉德克《骂观众》对传统戏剧的继承和突破

彼得•汉德克是奥地利德语作家，2019年诺贝尔文学奖得主。作为当代德语界重要的先锋文学家、戏剧家，汉德克的作品充满反叛精神，他是一位文本上的冒险家，文学界将其称为“形式摧毁者”。《骂观众》是汉德克于1966年创作的戏剧，该剧使汉德克一举成名，剧本一经发表，立刻引起了文坛的空前轰动。这部剧没有传统戏剧中生动丰富的情节，也没有戏剧性的人物和对白，只有四位无名无姓的说话者在舞台上尽情地“谩骂”观众，处处演绎着对传统戏剧的挑战。本文通过探析《骂观众》对传统戏剧的继承和突破，以求更全面地掌握彼得•汉德克作品的语言艺术特色和戏剧舞台的呈现形式，继而了解新时期后戏剧的发展方向。
关键词：《骂观众》；说话剧；传统戏剧；继承；突破

Abstract

Peter handke is an Austrian German writer and winner of the Nobel Prize for literature in 2019. As an important avant-garde writer and dramatist in Contemporary German, his works are full of rebellious spirit, and he is an adventurer in the text. The literary world calls hendke "the destroyer of form". Cursing the Audience is a script published by hendke in 1966, which made Handke famous. Once it was published, it immediately caused an unprecedented sensation in the literary world. There is no plot in the traditional drama. The dramatic characters, plot and dialogue are only four speakers "abusing" the audience on the stage, which challenges the traditional drama everywhere. By analyzing the inheritance and breakthrough of Cursing the Audience to the traditional drama, this paper aims to have a more comprehensive understanding of the artistic features of Peter hendke's language and the forms of stage presentation, and then to understand the development direction of drama in the new era.
Keywords:Cursing the Audience；Speech drama; Traditional drama；Inheritance；Breakthrough

目　录

引言 1
一、《骂观众》对传统戏剧因素的继承 2
（一）借用古老艺术形式 2
（二）彰显审美性与人性化 3
（三）沿袭传统舞台元素 4
二、《骂观众》对传统戏剧模式的突破 5
（一）独创“说话剧” 5
（二）打破幻觉，建构真实 7
（三）“谩骂”中突破时空 9
三、新时期戏剧的发展方向 10
（一）捍卫秩序打破规则 10
（二）颠覆观众认知预期 11
（三）后戏剧的“残酷性” 12
结语 13
参考文献 15
 

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