本科生决策自我效能对职业决策困难的影响
职业决策困难的含义是指个体在做职业决策时的困难,现如今大部分研究者都把它分为以下三个方面:缺乏准备、信息不一致、缺乏信息。第一份工作对于进入职场的我们非常重要,但是现如今由于社会形势以及教育的因素,职业决策困难程度日益升高。本研究希望可以研究得出职业决策困难和职业决策效能之间的关系,从而为本科生职业决策提供理论支持以及正确的引导。
为探讨二者之间的相关性,我们先通过职业生涯探索和职业决策自我效能量表(简版)(R.W.Lent等2015)和生涯决策困难问卷(刘长江,2005)对2017-2019届北京本科高校高校按比例进行问卷调查,根据结果进行单因素以及回归分析分析出二者可能存在的关系,分析得出以下的结论:
第一,本科生目前的职业决策困难得分处于中等偏下水平,困难程度由高到低排名前三的是对职业决策困难的主观判断,对生涯缺乏了解,缺乏动机,最低的三项是对自己缺乏了解,外在冲突,对获取其他信息的途径缺乏了解。
第二,通过单因素ANOVA对于被试的性别、是否985/211、以及入学年份进行研究,结果表明,虽然在职业困难平均数无太大差异,但是在外在冲突,对职业决策困难的主观判断这两个维度上男生比女生高;而在犹豫不决和缺乏准备方面,女生比男生要高;2017届入学年份的决策困难各项因素均高于平均值,证明作为应届生处在职业决策的档口职业决策困难相对更严重,而2018届学生除了对生涯缺乏了解之外,其余各因素均为最低;985/211的学生除了不可靠的信息和对生涯缺乏了解这两项比普通本科生低一些,其余均高于普通本科生
第三,通过回归分析对职业决策效能和职业决策困难进行相关性分析,结果表明,二者之间存在显著相关性,并且为负相关。
关键词: 本科生 职业决策自我效能感 职业决策困难 职业决策
Abstract
The concept of difficulty in making career decisions is a difficult problem that individuals encounter when making career decisions. It can be roughly classified into three aspects: lack of preparation, lack of information, and inconsistent information. It is very important for undergraduate students to choose their first career when they enter the workplace. Nowadays, there are many difficulties for college students to make career decisions. Therefore, this study explores the relationship between career decision-making difficulties and self-efficacy, and strives to find out the specific influencing factors and mechanism of career decision-making difficulties, so as to put forward some useful suggestions for undergraduates' career guidance.
In this study, decision-making self-efficacy was selected as the independent variable and career decision-making difficulty as the dependent variable. Through the Career Exploration and Career Decision-making Self-efficacy Scale (short version) (R.W.Lent et al. 2015) and the Career Decision-making Difficulty Questionnaire (Liu Changjiang, 2005), a questionnaire survey was conducted on the universities in Beijing from 2017 to 2019 according to the proportion. Based on the results, the possible relationship between the two was analyzed and the following conclusions were drawn:
First, the current career decision-making difficulty score of undergraduates is below the medium level. From high to low, the top three are subjective judgment of career decision-making difficulty, lack of understanding of career and lack of motivation. The bottom three are lack of understanding of oneself, external conflict and lack of understanding of other information.
Secondly, single-factor ANOVA was used to study the gender of the subjects, whether they were 985/211 or not, and the year of enrollment. The results showed that although there was no significant difference in the total table of career decision-making difficulties, different variables showed significant differences in different factors of career decision-making difficulties.
Thirdly, SPSS software is used to study the relationship between career decision-making self-efficacy and career decision-making difficulties through Pearson correlation analysis.
keyword :undergraduate Career decision-making self-efficacy
Difficulty in making career decisions
career decision-making
目录
摘要 4
第一章 引言 9
第二章 文献综述 10
2.1概念 10
2.1.1决策自我效能 10
2.1.2职业决策困难 10
2.2研究对象与方法 11
2.2.1研究对象 11
2.2.2研究方法 11
2.2.3职业决策自我效能评测方法 12
2.2.4职业决策困难的评测方式 12
2.3研究进展 13
2.4 问题提出 16
2.4.1以往研究中的问题 16
2.4.2研究目的 16
2.4.3研究意义 16
第三章 研究设计 17
3.1研究对象 17
3.2研究工具 18
3.2.1职业决策自我效能的测量 18
3.2.2职业决策困难的测量 18
第四章 数据分析 18
4.1数据处理 18
4.2数据分析 19
4.2.1大学生职业决策困难的总体特点 19
4.2.3本科生职业决策困难人口统计学变量分析 21
4.2.4职业决策自我效能感与职业决策困难二者的关系 25
第五章 结果讨论 26
5.1本科生职业决策困难的总体特点 26
5.2职业决策困难在人口学特征上的差异 27
第六章 结论建议 28
6.1结论 28
6.2建议 28
6.2.1 28
6.2.2 29
6.2.3 29
6.2.4 29
第七章 不足与展望 29