教师对学生的影响大量的是无形的。调查也发现，很多学生对教师的影响并未意识到，
但是这种潜移默化的力量是无穷的，这就是期望的力量.本文在教育社会学，教学论及教育心理学的基础上，结合从夷陵高中调查得来的当前中学生的地理学习现状，对中学地理老师如何利用期望效应提高学生学习动机提出了一些参考和建议。
本文首先介绍了期望效应的涵义以及它是如何影响学习动机的，并且从教师、学生和期望传递的方式三个方面介绍了在地理教学中影响期望效应的因素，分别介绍了教师的学生观，教师对学生的态度，教师的地理教学观念，教师的威信，学生的家庭背景，个性特征以及测验结果对期望效应的影响。接下来分析了期望效应在地理教学中分为四步的实现过程。笔者借助于在宜昌市夷陵一中实习时调查所得的数据，从期望理论的角度看当前中学生地理学习中存在的问题，包括学生学习动机总体水平不高，外部动机大于内部动机，而且各个年级之间的动机水平也存在差异。最后根据存在的问题，从期望理论的角度提出了教学建议，包括教师要树立合理的学生观及期望目标，教师要让学生体验成功，及时的对学生的学习结果进行反馈，并且多给学生正面的鼓励性评价。
本文所使用的研究方法有文献研究法、问卷调查法、分析法、实例法等。
关键词： 期望 学习动机 地理教学
Abstract
Most of the influence which teachers make on students is invisible.According to the survey, Many students did not realize the influence of teachers, but this subtle power is infinite, this is the power of expectations. On the basic of the Sociology of Education, Pedagogy and educational psychology,this article Combined a survey of the current status of the geographical study in Yiling high school .We have somen suggestions about how secondary school geography teachers can use the expected effec to improve student learning motivation.
This paper describes the meaning of the expectation effect and how it affects learning motivation, and introduces the factors which affect the expectation effect from teachers, students and expectations of the delivery means .Introducing the concept of teacher's students, the
attitude of teachers to students, the concept of geography teaching, then the prestige of teachers, student's family background, personality characteristics and test results on the expectation effect. Then
analysising the expectation effect of geography teaching in the four-step implementation process. The author uses the date she got from Yichang Yiling Number One Middle School , finding some problems of students in students’ current geography learning from the theoretical point of view .Including the overall level of students’ motivation is not high, the external motivation is greater than the internal motivation, and various level of motivation among year differences. Finally, basing on the exiting problems,the author give some teaching suggestion from expectations theory. Including teachers should establish a reasonable outlook and expectations of students, teachers should allow students to experience success, students timely feedback of study results, and provide students with more positive evaluation encouraged.
The research technique that this text uses are literature research law,investigation method of the questionnaire, analytic approach, embodiment law,etc..
Keywords: inspect learning motivation geography teaching
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