工作记忆是影响商务口译加工及效果的一项重要资源，是认知心理学和认知神经学中的重要理论概念。工作记忆在复杂的认知活动中扮演着重要角色。在商务口译中，发挥关键作用的是工作记忆而不是短时记忆，因为译员必须同时进行信息储存和信息加工。虽然工作记忆的资源有限，信息保持时间也很短，但一般短时记忆系统只具有信息短暂储存的单一功能，而工作记忆在对信息进行短暂储存的同时，还负责对信息加工进行加工处理。本文以同声传译为例介绍了工作记忆概念，其在商务口译中无法取代的地位、作用，以及工作记忆与其他记忆类型的关系。此外本文本着实用性原则，介绍了许多有助于提高商务口译水平的训练方法，以帮助商务口译员和对口译有着浓厚兴趣的同学们更好的了解及学习商务口译。
关键字：工作记忆；商务口译；训练方法
The Importance of Working Memory in Business Interpretation and the Training Methods to
Improve Business Interpretation
Abstract
Working memory is one of the important resources that influence the processing and results of business interpretation. Working memory, as a significant theoretical concept from cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience, plays a key role in sophisticated cognitive activities. In business interpreting, it is working memory instead of short-term memory that takes the main effect, because an interpreter has to maintain and manipulate information concurrently. With limited resources and short maintenance time, the difference between working memory and general short-term memory system that only has the function of momentary information storage, is that working memory is in charge of information processing except information storage. This thesis introduces the concepts of working memory and its unique status and influence in business interpretation. What’s more, it also mentions the relations between working memory and other memory types, taking example of simultaneous interpretation. On the basis of pragmatic principle, this thesis introduces plenty of training methods in order to promote interpreters’ capability and help students with deep interests in business interpretation to better understand and study it.
Key words: working memory; business interpretation; training method
Contents
Introduction 1
Chapter One A Brief Introduction to Interpretation and Working Memory 2
1.1 Background 2
1.2 Definitions of interpretation, business interpretation and simultaneous interpretation 2
1.2.1 Definition of interpretation 2
1.2.2 Definition of business interpretation 3
1.2.3 Definition of simultaneous interpretation 3
1.3 Introduction of working memory 4
1.3.1 The relation between working memory and short time memory 4
1.3.2 The relation between working memory and long-term memory 5
Chapter Two Literature Review 6
2.1 Current research 6
2.2 Review of research 6
2.2.1Baddeley’s working memory model 6
2.2.2 Just and carpenter’s theory of working memory capacity 7
2.2.3 Cowan’s embedded-process model of working memory 8
Chapter Three The Importance of Working Memory in Business Interpretation 9
3.1 The status and importance of working memory in business interpretation 9
3.2 The relations between working memory and simultaneous interpretation 10
3.2.1 The influence of SI on working memory 11
3.2.2 The influence and effect of working memory on SI 12
3.3 The relations between working memory and other specific interpreting skills and strategies 13
Chapter Four The Method to Improve Business Interpretation 14
4.1 The consistence of business interpretation 14
4.1.1 Solid language strength 14
4.1.2 Good memory 15
4.1.3 Correct interpreting note skill 15
4.1.4 Proficient translation skills 15
4.1.5 Fluent oral expression and communicative skills 16
4.1.6 Wide range of business knowledge 16
4.2 Training method of business interpretation skills 16
4.2.1 Memory training sector 16
4.2.2 Note taking training sector 17
4.2.3 Translation skills training sector 17
4.2.4 Expression and communicative skill training sector 17
4.2.5 Business expertise introduction sector 18
Conclusion 18
Bibliography 19
Acknowledgements 21
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