英汉社会称谓对比研究

摘  要

称谓不仅可以引起人们的注意，而且在很大程度上可以反映出交际双方的社会地位，亲疏关系以及一个语言群体的文化习俗。社会称谓是其中的一个重要组成部分，主要用于称呼家庭成员以外的社会成员。文章对英汉社会称谓语进行了对比及总结。英汉社会称谓语在种类上，在影响人们选择合适的社会称谓语的因素上，在零称谓语的使用上有诸多相同之处。然而，汉语中多使用职称，头衔称呼他人，英语多直接称呼对方名字，汉语中年龄及社会关系在称谓选择上起了决定因素，而在英语中此两种因素不起决定作用。

关键词：社会称谓语，相同点，不同点，影响因素

 
 
A Contrastive Analysis of Social Appellation
Systems between English and Chinese

ABSTRACT

Appellation terms not only can be used to call people to pay attention but also to reflect customs and conventions of a speech community between the communicated two parties. Social appellation is one subsystem. It is used to address people other than family members. Through the comparisons between English and Chinese in this thesis, the similarities and differences have been analyzed. In both two languages, there exist some similarities in the classification, in the factors influencing the choices of proper social appellations and in the use of zero social appellations. However, in Chinese, people often use post and rank appellations to address others. In English, the first name is commonly used. Besides, in Chinese, age and social distance are considered as determining factors in the choice of the appropriate appellations, while in English, these factors can not influence people to make final choices of social appellations.
 
Key words: social appellations, similarities, differences, factors
 

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