随着我国经济的快速发展和科学技术的进步，劳动力的需求结构也发生了显著变化。在今后相当长的一段时期，随着人口的持续增加和耕地的逐年减少，加之农业技术的进步，我国农业剩余劳动力还将有所递增。改革开放和市场经济的逐步确立，激活了农民的经济意识，许多农村剩余劳动力开始由农业向非农业转移。通过农村剩余劳动力的转移，不仅使我国农村的人地矛盾得到了缓解，提高了农民收入，促进了农村和农业的发展，而且对我国的整个经济建设起到了巨大的促进作用。但由于我国人口基数过大及国民经济各部门发展的不平衡，农村剩余劳动力的转移目前仍面临许多困难，影响了农村现代化和农村建设的步伐。因此，认真研究农业剩余劳动力的转移问题，不仅是正确制定符合具有中国特色的农村经济发展战略的重要依据，也是保持农村经济发展和社会稳定，保证早日实现农业现代化的一个十分重大的问题。黑龙江省作为农业大省，一方面有着传统农业大省的深厚经济基础，但另一方面却在经济结构调整的同时，面临着大量的农村剩余劳动力再就业的压力。如何有效解决他们的转移问题依旧未能很好地解决，本文在分析了黑龙江省剩余劳动力现状与形成原因的基础上，有针对性地提出了有效转移的途径和对策。
关键词 黑龙江;剩余劳动力;转移
Study on the Transfer of Surplus labors in Heilongjiang Province
Abstract
With the rapid development of national economy and the startling progress of science and technology, there emerged a significant change in the structure of labor requirements．In quite long section of times, will continue the increase and the farming from now on along with the population reduces year by year, adds the agricultural technology unceasing progress, the our country countryside surplus labor force also has increases progressively. The gradual setting-up of reform and open policy as well as market economy has activated the farmers' sense of commercial economy. A large number of rural surplus labors began to transfer from agriculture to non-agriculture. The transference has relieved the contradiction between a large population and relatively limited land, increased the farmers' income, accelerated the development of rural areas and agriculture .What's more, it has greatly promoted the economic construction of our country. Because of the large population and the disequilibrium of development among different departments of the national economy, the transference of rural surplus labor still faces a lot of difficulties at present, which has influenced the paces of modernization and construction of rural areas. Therefore, the countryside surplus labor force shift will be the main question which our country at present and in quite long period of time the economic society will develop from now on. Earnestly studies the agricultural surplus labor force the shift question ,not only is the correct formulation tallies has the Chinese characteristic the rural economy developmental strategy important basis, also will be maintains the rural economy development and social stability ,the guarantee soon realizes an agriculture modernization extremely vital question. Most importantly, Heilongjiang Province, as a big province with much more agricultural products, is characteristic of a solid economic foundation of a big province with traditional agriculture Secondly, in the regulation of economic structure, there also exists many reemployment pressures for the rural surplus labors． The problem of how to solve the issue of there transfer is not still well settled． The paper that based on the analysis of the present situation of surplus labors in our province and its reasons of formation, has specifically put forward some valid channels and measures of the transfer of surplus labors．
Keywords Heilongjiang province; rural surplus; transfer
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