某省装备制造业产业集群发展问题

摘 要
国家或区域在经济上的成功，并不是在一切产业领域的成功，而是在一些特色的产业领域，形成国家或区域竞争优势产业。而竞争优势产业在地理上高度集中在一些地方，相关企业和机构在当地结群和结网。美国学者斯科特与斯多波则指出，在当今的世界版图上，由于大量产业集群的存在，形成了色彩斑斓、块状明显的区域，世界的财富主要是在这些块状区域内创造的。如在20世纪90年代中期，美国380个产业集群就生产了全美接近60%的产出。美国不仅在底特律有上世纪20年代就已形成的汽车产业集群，更有在上世纪60年代出现、80年代成型，而被誉为“经典产业集群”的加州硅谷IT产业集群。美国绝大多数州都有一个或多个某类产业集群。经济全球化的今天，产业集群呈现出异乎寻常的竞争优势，成为带动一个国家或地区经济腾飞的骨干力量。
黑龙江装备制造业作为东北振兴的重点，一直备受关注。但是由于计划经济的影响和自身特点所致，发展缓慢，在一定程度上已影响了东北振兴的进程。本文从分析黑龙江装备制造业的发展规模、发展水平、产值变动和劳动力变动着手，对黑龙江装备制造业发展的优势和障碍进行了阐述，提出了黑龙江装备制造业创新政策及措施。

关键词　装备制造业；产业集群；对策；产业链
Equipment Manufacturing Industry Cluster in Heilongjiang Province Development Problems and Countermeasures
Abstract
A country or a regional economical success does not refer to an all-around success in all industry fields ,but to get its characteristic industries and form the national or regional predominant industries .When the predominant industries get together in a particular region ,the related organizations and industries will come and form a net .The U .S .economists once pointed that in the modern world ,the existence of a mass of industry cluster become the so called economic mosaic ,and the great fortune in the world is created in this kind of region .In the mid 90th of last century,380 industry clusters produced the 60% output of the United States .Detroit region formed a car industry cluster .The so called classic industry cluster of the Silicon Valley appeared in the 1960th and became mature in the 1980th .Most of the states in the United States enjoys one or more industry clusters .In the economical globalization ,the industry group shows its superiority and become the backbone of one country or region’s economic development
 As the key of the Northeast's development, the EMI is watched by all people. But it is developing so slowly. The reason is the planning system. Using the combination of the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, analyses of the development level, production value, the labor force, researches the comparative advantages and the barriers to the EMI ’s development, sets the necessity and feasibility of innovation policy of the EMI.
Keywords　EMI；Industrial cluster；Countermeasure；Industry chain

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