根据调查数据显示，自1999年高校扩招以来，大学毕业生数量逐年增加。2003年全国高校毕业生从2002年的145万猛增至212万人，2004年达到280万人，2005年达340万人，比2004年增长58万。随着就业压力日益增大，越来越多的大学生被推上了自主创业之路。同时中国共产党第十七届中央委员会第五次全体会议通过的国家十二五规划指出：“要积极稳妥推进城镇化，大力发展服务业和中小企业，增加就业创业机会。促进就业和构建和谐劳动关系。实施更加积极的就业政策，大力发展劳动密集型产业、服务业和小型微型企业，多渠道开发就业岗位，鼓励自主创业，促进充分就业。强化职业操守，支持创新创业，鼓励劳动致富，发扬团队精神。”在政策时代背景和现实背景影响之下，大学生自主创业必然是国家未来的经济增长点，而做好理论支撑为实践服务更是具有时代意义的事情。本文就是在这样的背景下，开始了大学生个人背景和创业意愿的关系研究。本文以在校大学生为例，通过调查问卷的形式，对不同专业各个年级的大学生进行了抽样调查，并结合模型和数据，分析了目前在大学生的创业意愿与影响这些意愿的个人背景的主观和客观因素之间的关系。研究结论包括：第一，男学生的创业意愿高于女学生。第二，根据问卷统计，参加过创业活动的学生创业意愿普遍比较强，其中不乏已经成功创业的学生。因此，创业活动对学生创业的积极作用还是相当显著的。第三，家庭成员中有从事经商活动的学生的创业意愿较高。这种差异产生于家庭成员之间的相互影响。若朋友中有创业经历的学生，其创业意愿也会较强。第四，人文科学类专业的大学生创业意愿要强于自然科学类以及社会科学类的大学生。第五，学生的实习经历时长与其创业意愿成正相关。随着学生实习时间长度的增加，学生的创业意愿也越强。根据研究结论，本文提出了相关建议，并指出研究缺陷，以期对今后研究有所启发。
关键词：大学生、个人背景、创业意愿
ABSTRACT
The survey data shows that since the colleges’ enroll, the number of university graduates increases every year. 2003 national college graduates from 1.45 million in 2002 soared to 212 million people in 2004 reached 280 million, 340 million in 2005, an increase of 580,000 over 2004. With the increasing employment pressure, more and more college students brought to the self-own.
Meanwhile, the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee of the seventeenth plenary session of the Fifth Five-Year Plan indicated that: "We have to promote urbanization actively and steadily, vigorously develop the service industry and small and medium enterprises, increase employment and entrepreneurship opportunities. Promote employment and harmonious labor relationship. Implement a more proactive employment policy, to develop labor-intensive industries, service industries and small micro-enterprise, multi-channel development jobs, and encourage their own businesses, and promote full employment. Strengthen the professional conduct, support innovation and entrepreneurship, to encourage labor to get rich, to carry forward team spirit. "
In this paper, college students, for example, through the questionnaire in the form of different professional each year conducted a sample survey of college students, and considers the model and data, analysis the impact of student’s entrepreneurial intention. Conclusions of the study are as follow: firstly, the entrepreneurial intention of male students tends to higher than female students. Secondly, according to survey statistics, the students participated in entrepreneurial activities entrepreneurial attitude is generally stronger; many of them have to succeed in business students. Therefore, the entrepreneurial activity of the positive role of business students is still quite significant. Thirdly, the students whose family members are engaged in business activities are tended to have higher entrepreneurial intention. This difference arises from the interaction between family members. Fourth, human science majors will start stronger than the natural sciences and social science university students. Fifth, the student internship duration is positively correlated with entrepreneurial intention. With the increase in the length of time student internships, students’ intentions are stronger. According to the conclusions, a recommendation proposed in this paper, and indicates the defects, in order to inspire future research.
KEYWORDS：College Students Personal Background Entrepreneurial Intention
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