液压单斗挖掘机工作装置设计

摘  要

液压挖掘机是一种应用广泛的多功能的建设施工机械,而工作装置是挖掘机直接完成挖掘任务的装置。因此，设计优质高效的工作装置是至关重要的。本文着重介绍了挖掘机工作装置的设计过程。首先阐述了液压挖掘机的发展历程，以及在生产生活中的重要作用。其次，介绍了挖掘机的工作装置参数的确定，以及确定了工作装置的机构及装配方案。第三，对工作装置的动臂、斗杆以及铲斗进行了设计与计算。其中对动臂和斗杆的铰点进行了定位，对动臂、斗杆和斗齿等在应力集中部位进行了受力分析与校核。最后，对挖掘机的液压系统的设计要求做了详细的介绍，制作了液压挖掘机控制系统的工作原理图。重点对工作装置的液压缸进行了设计与计算以及运动分析和强度计算。这种工作装置结构精巧、重量轻、工作效率高且维修与维护方便。

关键词：挖掘机，工作装置，液压系统

 
ABSTRACT

The hydraulic excavator is one kind of multifunction construction machinery which applied widely；but working equipment makes the excavator complete the excavation task directly。Therefore, designing an excellent quality and highly effective work installment is very important。This article puts emphasis on introducing the process of the design of excavator equipment。 First， illustrates the development course of working equipment， as well as the key functions in our daily life。Next，makes sure the working equipment’s parameter,，so as to definite its structure and erection scheme。  
Third,，has a design and calculate on moved arm of working equipment， dipper and bucket； then， the moved arm and link point of dipper is located and some stress concentration places， like the moved arm, dipper and dipper teeth, are carried on force analysis and check。 Finally，makes the detailed introduction to the excavator hydraulic system design request，and designs the function diagram of hydraulic excavator’s control system。Key is carried on the design and the computation to the working equipment hydraulic cylinder. Among of this part，this article makes force analysis，motion analysis and strength calculation on hydraulic cylinder。This kind of working equipment has its advantages，such as structure refinement，the weight light， the working efficiency high also the service and the maintenance is convenient。

 
Key words: excavator ，working equipment ， hydraulic system

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