对《看不见的人》中象征手法的研究

拉尔夫•埃里森是美国当代最著名的黑人作家之一，他及他的作品在文学界有着深远的影响。其著名长篇小说《看不见的人》是现代美国文学中的一部经典力作，被誉为一部以现代人寻求自我为主题的现代寓言小说。艺术技巧和主题的完美结合是作品无穷魅力的源泉。埃里森的写作手法和技巧颇具特色，其中尤以象征手法独具匠心。他赋予人物及其行为、物体和其他象征与其字面不同的特殊含义。这种写作技巧有助于揭示作品的多层面主题。本文全面地分析了《看不见的人》中的象征手法，揭示了小说的主题。本文将象征手法归为三类：建筑物的象征，人物的象征以及景物和小玩意的象征。力图全方位的逐个分析，以便读者更好地理解作品。

关键词：象征；《看不见的人》；拉尔夫•埃里森
On Symbolism in Invisible Man

Ralph Ellison is one of the famous contemporary American black novelists. He and his works have great impact on the entire literary world. His famous novel Invisible Man has a firm position in the American canon and is regarded as a modern fable whose subject is about seeking identity. A prominent feature of the novel is the use of symbolism. The symbols used by Ellison are deliberately chosen in accordance with the development of the plot and the degree of the knowledge which the invisible man has attained. Ellison endowed characters and their actions, objects and some other symbols with special meanings which are different from the superficial meanings. This paper will analyze the symbols in a complete way. It will classify the symbols into three groups: the symbolic meaning of the buildings, the symbolic meaning of the characters and the symbolic meaning of the scenery and the gadget. In this way, symbols will be analyzed carefully one by one. And this will help readers to get a better understanding of the novel.

Key words: symbolism; Invisible Man; Ralph Ellison

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