玻璃纤维改性聚丙烯的性能研究

摘  要

聚丙烯（PP）作为常用材料存在某些方面的不足，如成型收缩率较大，低温易脆裂，耐磨性不足，热变形温度不高，耐光性差等。为了提高PP的机械性能、耐热性能和尺寸稳定性能常采用玻璃纤维（GF）增强的方法。本论文使用的是经分纤飞动装置调制的复合栅网加热压制成型的复合材料，就长纤维增强热塑性塑料系复合材料的物性进行一系列的研究，得知表面处理对GF增强PP的物性的影响，结果表明ASC处理对材料的机械性能及熔融状态的流动特性平衡良好。通过对复合材料的抗拉强度、冲击强度，弯曲强度性能测试得出偶联剂、增容剂、加工工艺条件等因素对玻璃纤维增强PP性能的影响。结果表明，通过玻璃纤维运用偶联剂和增容剂处理玻璃纤维、增加玻璃纤维浓度、适当提高复合材料的挤出加工温度、适当降低挤出螺杆转速和注射速率均可提高玻纤增强PP的综合性能。

关键词：聚丙烯，玻璃纤维，成型性能，机械性能
ABSTRACT

Polypropylene (PP) has some disadvantages, such as large molding shrinkage, brittle fracture under low temperature, lack of wear resistance, low heat deformation temperature and poor light resistance. The PP’s mechanical properties, heat resistance and size of a stable performance can been improved by using glass fiber enhancement. In this paper, by using the composite materials which was heating suppressed by the modulation of grid of a fiber-moving equipment, did the research which is about the materials properties of long fiber reinforcing  thermoplastic composite materials, and came to the conclusion that the surface treatment had some effects on the PP’s properties after GF enhancement. The treatment of ASC is good for the mechanical properties of materials and the balance of flow characteristics which is in the molten state. Through the tests of composite materials tensile strength, impact strength, bending strength performance test, came to the conclusion that Coupling agent, Compatibilizer, processing conditions and other factors on the glass fiber can reinforce PP’s performance impact. The results show that, by using of glass Fiber coupling and Compatibilizer which is dealed with glass fiber, increasing the consistency of glass fiber, increasing the composite materials’ temperature appropriated when in the extrusion process, reducing the speed of extrusion screw appropriate and improving the vaccination rate all can reinforce PP’s comprehensive performance.
 
Keywords：polypropylene，glass fiber，process ability，mechanical property

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