员工的心理资本对其工作绩效的影响

摘  要

随着经济的飞速发展和社会的快速进步，从物质资本、货币资本到人力资本都曾为社会经济发展创造奇迹。尽管资金、技术和自然资源还能为当今社会经济发展提供原料，但如今中国也已在科技、制造等领域取得了长足进步，“人”确实是中国突起的真正力量，我国所拥有的无限、且大部分尚未开发的人力资源才是真正的优势所在，应受到重视。越来越多的企业的也意识到，心理资本已成为一种无形的人力新资本。这种无形的资本，是促进组织员工成长和绩效提升的心理资源，是组织获取竞争优势的又一重要来源，它给企业带来的价值是无形的。
本文首先阐述了心理资本和工作绩效的概念和结构。基于人力资本与社会资本理论、积极心理学与积极组织行为学理论分析了员工的心理资本即：自我效能感、希望、乐观和韧性对工作绩效的影响，最后提出了在企业中应建立EPA项目和PCA项目、建立心理资本的微观干预机制等措施，希望通过对员工心理资本的有效开发，来提高员工的工作绩效，从而带动企业绩效的提升。

关键词：心理资本；工作绩效；影响
ABSTRACT

    Along with the rapid development of the economy and the society, physical capital, monetary capital and human capital have all contributed to the achievements of both the society and the economy. Although financial resources, technologies, and natural resources still provides driving forces to the development of the society and the economy, China has made great improvements in fields such as science, technology, and manufacturing. In these achievements, human resource has played an important role. The vast unexploited human resource of China should also be given due attention. A lot of enterprises realized that psychological capital has become a new form of intangible human capital, which is an important psychological resource to expedite employee’s individual development and overall enterprise performance. It serves as a significant resource for an enterprise to excel in competition and brings invisible value to the enterprise.
    This paper expatiates the concept and structure of psychological capital and work performance. Then, it analyzes the effect of psychological capital of employees, i.e. sense of individual capabilities, hope, optimism, and perseverance, on performance on human resource capital theories, social capital theories, positive psychology, and positive organizational behavior theories. In conclusion, the paper suggests that EPA program, PCA program, and micro interference mechanism of psychological capital shall be established with an enterprise. It is hoped that employees’ performances could be improved through effective development of their psychological capital in order to drive forward the performance of an enterprise.

Key Words: Psychological Capital, Performance, Influence

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