英汉习语的文化异同及翻译

摘要:英汉习语文化内涵具有一定共性，更显其个性。习语翻译不仅是语言的转换，更是文化的交流。翻译时，不仅要重视体现原语习语的涵义，还要准确传达原语中蕴含的文化色彩，最大程度体现原语的“神”。文化差异是翻译中的障碍。本文分析了英汉习语文化差异的主要根源。从最能体现中西文化差异的习语着手，从六个方面论述了习语所反映的中西文化差异，即生存环境、生活习俗、宗教信仰、历史典故、对客观事物的认识、数字习语的差异。在此基础上提出了英汉习语翻译的具体原则和方法。从总体上看，英汉习语在表现语义和文化特征方面，主要有三种类型，即对应关系、半对应关系和不对应关系。在翻译时，对应关系的习语可采用直译的方法。半对应关系和不对应关系的习语应该首先弄清它们的文化内涵和实际意义，再根据上下文的意思灵活处理。因此，英汉习语的翻译不应只是两种语言的简单转换，更应是文化的交流。掌握习语的翻译，对于培养语言的领悟力和跨文化的交际能力是十分必要的。只有在了解和掌握两个民族各不相同的文化渊源的基础上，才能顺利进行习语的翻译。
关键词：习语；文化异同；翻译

Cultural Differences and Similarities of English and Chinese Idioms and Their Translation

Abstract：The cultural connotations of English and Chinese idioms have their similarities and differences. Idiom translation is not only lingual translation but also the cultural communication. The connotation and culture of idiom must be exactly conveyed in translation. Cultural differences often present obstacles in our translation practice. The main reasons of cultural differences of English and Chinese idioms are analyzed. The cultural differences of Chinese and English idioms in six aspects are discussed: living environment, custom, religion, allusion, the acknowledge of objective things, the differences of numeral idioms. On the base, the principles and methods of English and Chinese idiom translation are proposed. When expressing linguistic meanings and cultural features, there are mainly three types of idioms: correspondent, semi-correspondent and non-correspondent. For the correspondent idioms, we can translate them word for word into the target language .But for the semi-correspondent and non-correspondent idioms, it’s better to make sure first of their cultural connotations and practical meanings, and then translate them appropriately according to the context. Therefore, translation of idiomatic phrases is more cultural communication than simple translation of these two languages. The mastery of the technique for translating idiomatic phrases is a must to the cultivation of linguistic comprehension and intercultural competence. Only when we have a good grasp of different cultural origins of both nations can we translate the idioms in a proper way.
Key words: idioms; cultural differences and similarities; translation
 

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