从叛逆到顺从：霍尔顿的成长历程
从叛逆到顺从：霍尔顿的成长历程
摘 要
塞林格的唯一一部长篇小说《麦田里的守望者》被美国文学界公认为当代美国文学中的两部“现代经典”之一，而其主人公霍尔顿也成为了美国文学长廊里的一个经典人物。
二战后的美国，经济上有了一定的发展，不过人与人之间的沟通交际却缺乏真诚和信任，现实生活充满了虚伪。小说通过霍尔顿在离开潘西中学之后在纽约游荡的经历，深刻揭示了美国现代社会中的疏离感和孤独感。他厌倦了同学、老师和学校的冷漠、欺诈以及虚伪，在圣诞来临的前几天，只身在纽约闲逛，却发现社会更加鄙俗，虚假和腐败。他鄙视现代文明，拒绝与虚伪同流合污，对卑劣虚假的成人世界有着极度的叛逆思想，并且梦想回归自然，永远留在纯真美好的儿童世界。在他的字典里，存在着这样泾渭分明的两个世界：“假模假式”的成人世界和纯真美好的儿童世界。而他自己很不幸地徘徊徜徉在两个世界的交界处：他欣赏怀念童年世界的纯朴自然，同时嘲弄鄙夷成人世界的虚假做作，而在成熟的过程中，步入成人世界的进程势不可挡，所以纯真的世界无法停留，而虚伪的世界又无法拒绝。在一定程度上，孩子们天真质朴的天性给予他温暖和力量，不过，最终他明白了童年的纯真是短暂而易逝的，妄想阻止他们成熟时徒劳无益的，最后在菲比（Phoebe）等引路人的帮助下，以及霍尔顿自身的那份对世人的挚爱和同情，他回归到了现实社会，并和“虚假”的成人世界达到了平衡。
本文主要对霍尔顿从叛逆到回归，从幼稚走向成熟，从青少年到成年的艰难孤寂之旅进行定性分析，从而揭示霍尔顿寻找“知行合一”的历程在当代社会的普遍适应意义。
关键词：霍尔顿，叛逆，回归
Abstract
J.D. Salinger's single long fiction The Catcher in the Rye has been considered as one of the two “modern classics” in contemporary American literature, establishing its protagonist Holden Caulfield as a classic antihero in American literary gallery.
The postwar America gets its economic leap but loses mutual trust and sincerity and is rampant with mendacity. Through the depiction of the aimless wandering of Holden in New York after being expulsed from Pencey, the fiction reveals the sense of alienation and loneliness. Holden detests the indifference, phoniness and mendacity among peers, teachers and schools. So he roams lonely in New York with Christmas several days ahead, only to find out that the mainstream world is much more phony, vulgar and mendacious. He is disgusted with modern civilization, refuses to compromise with phoniness and rebels against the obscene school and adult world. He is dreaming of returning to nature and preserving innocence and trueness for ever. In his dictionary, there exist two separated worlds: the obscene and mendacious adult world and the pure and innocent children's world. Unfortunately, he is excluded from these two worlds. Holden has a deep revulsion against adult world but definitely cannot find his way back to the world of children. His initiation into the adult world is inevitable. Eventually, he overcomes this dilemma and conforms to his destiny of maturity. By virtue of the assistance of his guides and his sympathy and zest for people and love, he compromises with the mainstream world and becomes an integrated person.
This paper focuses on qualitative analysis of Holden's arduous and lonely odyssey from rebellion to conformity and reveals that Holden's quest for "the inseparability of knowledge and practice" still accommodates to the modern society.
Key words: Holden Caulfield, Rebellion, Conformity
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